According to the European Green Deal, by 2050 the European Union is to achieve climate neutrality (net zero greenhouse gas emissions). In recent years, public support for Poland's implementation of this goal has been decreasing. In 2021, almost half of respondents were in favour of achieving climate neutrality in 2050 or earlier (48% in total), in 2023 almost two-fifths (38%), and currently only one-fourth (25%) support it, i.e. about half as many people as three years ago. During this time, the percentage of people convinced that Poland should achieve climate neutrality at its own pace, even if it means that the assumed goal will be achieved after 2050, increased from 43% to 68%.

By 2050, European Union countries are to achieve climate neutrality, i.e. limit emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming, including carbon dioxide. In your opinion, should Poland strive to achieve this goal:

Most Poles understand the need for energy transformation, i.e. moving away from coal to more ecological methods of energy production. However, support for gradually abandoning coal-based energy is currently lower than it was in 2018-2023. It is declared by 61% of respondents, which is 9 percentage points less than a year ago. The belief that energy production should be based mainly on domestic hard coal resources is expressed today by 31% of respondents, 8 points more than in 2023. This year's results are almost the same as those recorded in 2015 and indicate a certain regression in thinking about the energy transformation. It seems that Poles are scared of the pace and costs of changes in the energy sector, especially those borne by the citizens themselves.

Currently, the basic energy raw material in Poland is hard coal. In your opinion, in the next 10-20 years, should energy production in Poland:

While the idea of ​​moving away from coal and developing other methods of energy production is still met with favourable public acceptance, the focus only on the development of renewable energy sources is controversial. Poles are becoming more and more conservative in this matter. In 2016, half of respondents believed that renewable energy sources should be primarily developed, but currently only slightly more than one-fourth support investing mainly in renewable energy sources (26%, 24 percentage points less than 8 years ago and 5 points less than a year ago). Like last year, the prevailing belief is that both renewable and non-renewable energy sources should be used (currently expressed by 58% of respondents). One-tenth believe that we should focus on non-renewable energy sources.

Do you think that currently we should focus on the development of:

The war in Ukraine has resulted in an unprecedented increase in approval of nuclear energy. After less than two years, its level has decreased slightly, but compared to the previous trend it is still very high. Currently, almost two-thirds of respondents are in favour of the construction of nuclear power plants in Poland (64%, a decrease of 11 percentage points since the previous measurement in November 2022), while more than one-fifth of respondents are against it (22%, an increase of 9 points).

The construction of nuclear power plants has its supporters and opponents. If you were asked to take a clear position on the construction of such power plants in our country, would you be for or against?

There are some concerns about nuclear power plants, which may stem from the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters, but also the general association of this technology with weapons of mass destruction. Therefore, approval of the presence of a nuclear power plant near the place of residence is noticeably lower than support for the development of nuclear energy. More than two-fifths of respondents (45%) would be in favour of building such a power plant in their area, and almost the same number (43%) would be against it.

If a nuclear power plant were to be built near your residence, would you be for or against this decision?