Public opinion on Polish-German relations has been very dynamic since the beginning of research on this topic. Respondents rated Polish-German relations most positively at the very beginning of the 1990s. Positive assessments also predominated in 2015, the last year of the PO–PSL coalition government. In the following years, particularly after the Law and Justice (PiS) party came to power, the proportion of people describing relations between Poland and its western neighbour as good systematically decreased. By the end of PiS government, only 13% of respondents perceived relations between the two countries as good. Currently, two years after the last survey, there is significant improvement in the perception of Polish-German relations. The percentage of people who see them as good has increased by 12 percentage points, while the proportion rating them as bad has decreased by 4 points. Nearly half of Poles (48%) consider the current Polish-German relations as "neither good nor bad," every fourth respondent sees them as good, and 18% think that they are bad.

How do you assess the current Polish-German relations? Are they:

At the Potsdam Conference in 1945, Germany was obliged to pay war reparations to countries that suffered due to military actions. In 1953, under pressure from the USSR, the authorities of the People's Republic of Poland renounced reparations from Germany; however, after many years, this issue has become a subject of public debate again. In September 2004, the Sejm unanimously adopted a resolution stating that Poland had not yet received war reparations from Germany and called on the Polish government to take action in this matter. The resolution was a reaction to property claims made by German citizens against Poland. In the last decade, the issue of reparations has been quite strongly articulated in public debate, mainly at the initiative of PiS representatives. Compared to a survey conducted two years ago, the number of people supporting claims for war reparations from Germany has increased by 5 percentage points, to 63%. From the very beginning, the majority of respondents supported the reparations claims.

In your opinion, should Poland demand reparations (compensation) from Germany for losses incurred during World War II?

Nearly half of Poles (49%) believe that in economic and trade cooperation between Poland and Germany, Germany benefits more. Almost one-third of respondents (31%) think that both countries benefit equally from it, while only 4% identify Poland as the beneficiary.

How do you assess economic and trade cooperation between Poland and Germany? Who benefits more from it?

The vast majority of Poles support developing military cooperation between Poland and Germany (a total of 77%), with a significant caveat that this should occur within international organizations to which both countries belong (51% of respondents hold this view).

Do you think Poland should develop military cooperation with Germany?

Two-thirds of respondents (66%) classify Poland as a country with a medium level of influence on the European stage. Germany, on the other hand, is perceived by 75% of Poles as a country among the strongest in the European Union.

How do you assess Poland's position in the European Union? Can Poland be classified as:

How do you assess Germany's position in the European Union? Can Germany be classified as: