For over 20 years the CBOS has asked for the attitudes towards other nations, including Poland’s neighbours. And through this period the Poles’ favourite neighbours have been the Czechs and the Slovaks. The least-liked were the Russians, the Ukrainians and the Byelorussians. In the 1990’s and at the beginning of the present century the least liking and the highest aversion was declared towards the Ukrainians, however, since the Orange Revolution our attitude towards them has significantly improved. On the other hand, for the last couple of years and in particular the passing year our attitude towards the Russians has worsened and at present it is a nation towards which the highest proportion of the Poles declare aversion.

At the same time it should be noted that our attitude towards neighbours, including the Russians, is better than at the beginning of the nineties. At that time only towards the Czechs and the Slovaks liking was expressed more often than aversion. Towards other neighbours negative attitudes were prevailing. Nowadays negative attitude is expressed more often than positive only towards the Russians. Towards the Byelorussians liking is declared almost as often as aversion, and towards other neighbours to higher or lesser extent positive attitude is expressed more often than the negative one.