The balance of Poland’s 15-year membership of the European Union is seen as decidedly positive, with the economic and financial benefits of joining being the most appreciated. No surprise then, that virtually three quarters of those surveyed (74%) could say in hindsight that had Poland not become a member of the EU the country would not be developing as well as it currently is.

There are clear signs of stronger identification with Europe. For the first time since CBOS research began, over a half of Polish people (altogether 56%) say they consider themselves to be European. This sense of connection with Europe has not resulted in a weakening of their Polish identity. Virtually all respondents see themselves as Polish, with their European identity generally taking second place to their national identity.

More on this subject in the CBOS report.