During the night of 9–10 September Polish airspace was repeatedly violated by Russian drones. In a survey carried out between 11 and 22 September 2025, CBOS asked Polish people if they felt the independence of their country was threatened.

Almost two thirds (63%) of respondents perceived a current threat to Poland’s independence. This is the most since CBOS records on the subject began in February 1991. About a quarter (26%) of respondents held the opposite view, while 11% had no clear opinion on the subject. It is worth noting that at the beginning of May 2022, so not quite three months after the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, despite a clear rise in the sense of being under threat, Polish people’s opinions on the subject were evenly divided: those who felt there was no current threat to Poland’s independence (43%) marginally outnumbered those who did (42%). After the drone incursion of 9–10 September, the proportion of those who now perceived this threat as real rocketed by 21 percentage points compared to May 2022, with the proportion of those who felt there was no current threat plummeting 17 points. There was also a drop of 4 percentage points in those not expressing a view.

More on this subject in the CBOS report.